Bacterial Shape, Size & Structure Quiz

Q140. What is the main structural protein of bacterial flagella?

Peptidoglycan
Pilin
Flagellin
Actin

Hint: It forms the filament acting like a propeller.

Q141. What type of motion is driven by bacterial flagella?

Phototaxis
Chemotaxis
Passive diffusion
Ciliary beating

Hint: This movement is toward nutrients or attractants.

Q142. Which bacteria are generally nonmotile due to lack of flagella?

Bacilli
Spirochetes
Cocci
Vibrio

Hint: These bacteria are usually spherical and lack flagella.

Q143. What provides energy for bacterial flagellar motion?

Light energy
Heat gradient
ATP via proton motive force
Glycolysis directly

Hint: It’s a force derived from ion movement across membranes.

Q144. What structure helps spirochetes move?

Periplasmic cilia
Axial filament
Glycocalyx
Capsule

Hint: It wraps around the spiral-shaped cell.

Q145. Which protein composes pili?

Flagellin
Pilin
Tubulin
Actin

Hint: This protein forms helical strands in pili.

Q146. What role do pili play in Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection?

Antibiotic resistance
Motility enhancement
Surface attachment
Toxin release

Hint: Mutants without these structures are nonpathogenic.

Q147. What is the role of the sex pilus?

Motility
Antibiotic transport
Conjugation
Endospore release

Hint: It connects donor and recipient bacterial cells.

Q148. What component allows Streptococcus mutans to form plaque?

Pili
Flagella
Glycocalyx
Peptidoglycan

Hint: This polysaccharide layer mediates adherence.

Q149. Spores are formed by which bacterial genera?

Streptococcus and Staphylococcus
Bacillus and Clostridium
E. coli and Proteus
Salmonella and Shigella

Hint: One causes anthrax, the other tetanus/botulism.

Q150. What contributes most to the resistance of spores?

Thick lipid membrane
Flagellar sheath
Keratin-like coat
Pili complex

Hint: This coat resists heat, chemicals, and dehydration.

✅ Answer Key:
Q140: C Q141: C Q142: C Q143: C Q144: C Q145: D Q146: C Q147: B Q148: B Q149: C Q150: C

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